The beginning of anesthesia
by
Cottineau C, Cocaud J, Jacob JP.
Departement d'Anesthesie-Reanimation Chirurgicale B,
C.H.U., Angers, France.
Allerg Immunol (Paris). 1998 May;30(5):135-7.

ABSTRACT

On October 16, 1846, the first public demonstration of etherization, at the Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, illustrated the rise of Inhalational Anaesthesia. Pioneers were: Hickman, Wells, Morton, Davy and Long. Anaesthesia was considered an American invention. Thereafter, the development of new molecules (cocaine, hexobarbital) which can be administered by others ways (spinal puncture, intravenous injections) allowed new methods of anaesthesia to be achieved. Thus, three successive periods have illustrated the Story of Anaesthesia: Inhalational Anaesthesia (1844), Local Anaesthesia (1860), Intravenous Anaesthesia (1932).

QEEG
People
Cocaine
Anaesthesia (pdf)
Brain microtubules
General anaesthetics
Obstetric anaesthesia
Molecular mechanisms
'My beloved chloroform'
'The secularisation of pain'
Acetylcholine/nicotinic receptors
Obstetric anaesthesia/John Snow
First use of anaesthetics in different countries

Refs
and further reading

HOME
HedWeb
Nootropics
cocaine.wiki
Future Opioids
BLTC Research
MDMA/Ecstasy
Superhappiness?
Utopian Surgery?
The Good Drug Guide
The Abolitionist Project
The Hedonistic Imperative
The Reproductive Revolution
Critique of Huxley's Brave New World